Which of the following is a major power granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution?

Coining money is a significant power granted to Congress by the U.S. Constitution, specifically outlined in Article I, Section 8. This provision allows Congress to establish a uniform currency, which is essential for facilitating trade and maintaining economic stability within the country. By having the authority to coin money, Congress can ensure that the value of currency is regulated and that it consistently reflects the economic conditions of the nation.

The other options represent powers or actions that are either not explicitly granted to Congress or not primarily under its authority. Establishing a national religion is prohibited by the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, promoting the separation of church and state. Regulating the military does fall under the power of Congress, but it is more related to ensuring oversight and funding rather than direct regulation like coining money does. Appointing Supreme Court justices is a power designated to the President, with the Senate providing advice and consent, rather than a direct power of Congress itself. This distinction helps clarify the specific authority granted to Congress in relation to monetary policy.