Which constitutional provision affects the operation of monopolies?

The provision that forbids monopolies is rooted in the desire to foster competition and protect consumers from the negative impact of monopoly power, such as inflated prices and reduced choices. This aligns with the fundamental principles of economic fairness and promotes a free-market economy. By prohibiting monopolies, the constitution ensures that no single entity can dominate a market to the detriment of public welfare. This approach is designed to encourage a diverse range of businesses, which can lead to innovation, better services, and more affordable prices for consumers.

In contrast, other options, like requiring public voter approval or limiting operation to designated areas, do not universally apply to monopolies in a way that directly impacts their legality and function within the economy. Regulating monopolies by the state can occur but doesn't imply a ban on their existence, which distinguishes this option from the clear prohibition provided by the constitutional provision.