What two bodies make up the legislative department of the U.S. Congress?

The legislative department of the U.S. Congress is uniquely structured to consist of two distinct bodies: the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. This bicameral system is designed to provide a balance of power within the legislative process, allowing for different methods of representation and ensuring that both larger and smaller states have a voice in the federal government.

The House of Representatives is made up of representatives based on state population, allowing for a more direct representation of the electorate. In contrast, the Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of population size, which provides equal representation for all states. This setup aims to prevent any single region from dominating the legislative process and encourages collaboration and compromise between the two chambers.

Other choices presented, such as involvement of the U.S. Supreme Court or the Executive Branch, do not pertain to the legislative branch specifically, as they are part of the judicial and executive branches of government, respectively. The mention of Federal District Courts alongside the House of Representatives further illustrates a misunderstanding of the separate functions of these branches. Only the House and Senate perform the legislative duties defined in the U.S. Constitution.