What principle does the U.S. Constitution establish regarding federal law?

The U.S. Constitution establishes the principle that federal law overrides state laws, as articulated in the Supremacy Clause found in Article VI. This clause asserts that when there is a conflict between federal and state law, federal law takes precedence, ensuring a uniform legal framework across the nation. This principle is vital for maintaining consistency in legal standards and ensuring that state laws do not contravene federal statutes or constitutional provisions.

The other options present alternative scenarios that are not supported by the structure of federal law. For example, there is no requirement for majority approval from the states for federal law to be enacted, as federal legislation is typically passed by Congress. Additionally, while states can interpret laws within their jurisdiction, their interpretations cannot modify federal law—only federal courts can make such determinations. Lastly, federal law cannot be modified by state votes, as amendments to federal legislation follow a specific process defined by the Constitution itself, rather than being subject to the whims of individual states.