What does the process of naturalization entail?

The process of naturalization specifically refers to the legal procedure through which a non-citizen becomes a citizen of the United States. This process involves several steps, including fulfilling residency requirements, demonstrating the ability to read, write, and speak English, passing a civics test, and taking an oath of allegiance to the United States. It is an important aspect of U.S. immigration policy and allows individuals who have moved to the country and integrated into society to gain the rights and privileges that come with citizenship, including the right to vote and run for public office.

In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of citizenship and residency. Becoming a citizen of another nation does not pertain to U.S. law and does not reflect the naturalization process in this context. Renouncing citizenship is the act of giving up one's citizenship, while applying for residency refers to obtaining permission to live in the U.S. without granting full citizenship status. These processes are distinct and do not capture the essence of what naturalization achieves in terms of granting U.S. citizenship.