What constitutes checks and balances within the government?

The concept of checks and balances within the government is fundamentally connected to the division of powers among the branches of government. This framework is designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and ensures that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches can monitor and limit each other's actions.

By having distinct powers assigned to each branch, it creates a system where, for instance, the executive branch can veto legislation, the legislative branch can override vetoes, and the judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional. This mutual oversight is essential for maintaining accountability and protecting individual rights, as it promotes a balance of power and encourages cooperation and compromise among the branches.

In contrast, the other options listed do not exemplify checks and balances. A single party control could lead to the concentration of power without the necessary oversight. Majority rule by Congress reflects a democratic principle but doesn't inherently involve the checks provided by other branches. Similarly, while the power of the states can introduce federalism into the conversation, it does not specifically relate to the checks within the three main branches of government. Thus, the division of powers among the branches is the core principle that embodies the checks and balances system.