How are special sessions of Congress typically called?

Special sessions of Congress are typically called by the President of the United States. This authority is granted by the Constitution, specifically in Article II, Section 3, which empowers the President to summon Congress for extraordinary circumstances when deemed necessary. These special sessions allow Congress to address urgent issues that cannot wait until the next regular session.

In contrast, other options do not have the constitutional backing or established protocol to call for a special session. A majority vote of Congress is related to the legislative process within Congress itself, but it does not pertain to the calling of special sessions. The Supreme Court does not have the authority to call a special session; its role is to interpret laws and rule on legal disputes. Additionally, public petition is not a recognized method for convening Congress; this reflects the democratic process but does not have a direct mechanism within the legislative framework for calling sessions. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the President's crucial role in addressing pressing national matters by convening Congress outside its regular schedule.